智能农机装备加速我国农机化发展进程

Intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment to accelerate the development process of agricultural mechanization in China

作为智慧农业发展的重要推动力，高端智能农机装备已成为目前我国农业现代化的重要标志和产业发展的新”热点”。我国农机装备数字化、智能化发展持续推进，北斗导航、5G、大数据等技术已经在农业生产一线发挥作用，植保无人机、自动驾驶拖拉机、无人插秧机、无人联合收割机等智能化农机装备应用越来越广泛，我国农业机械化水平正不断提高。

As an important driving force for the development of smart agriculture, high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment has become an important symbol of China's agricultural modernization and a new "hot spot" of industrial development. China's agricultural machinery equipment digital, intelligent development, beidou navigation, 5G, big data technology has played a role in agricultural production line, plant protection drones, unmanned tractor, unmanned transplanter, unmanned combine harvester intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is becoming more and more widely used, agricultural mechanization level is constantly improving in China.

一、农业机械市场规模平稳增长

近年来，我国农业机械市场规模不断扩大，支撑农业各产业发展的机械化基础逐步牢固，农业农村部数据显示，我国农业机械行业市场规模由2018年的4286亿元增长至2022年的5611亿元，年均复合增长率达7.0%，呈现上升趋势，市场发展前景广阔。2023年我国农业机械市场规模增长至5857亿元。

二、农业机械总动力提高

农业机械总动力是指主要用于农、林、牧、渔业的各种动力机械的动力总和，是衡量一个国家（或地区）农业机械化水平的重要指标。近年来，我国农业机械总动力持续增长。数据显示，2021年全国农业机械总动力达到10.78亿千瓦，较上年增长2.03%。2022年中国农业机械总动力增至约11.04亿千瓦，2023年全国农业机械总动力达到12.56亿千瓦。

三、智能农机装备数量增加

1.农机自动驾驶系统

随着智慧农业的战略新兴发展趋势和国家政策的大力支持，农业科技得到快速发展，我国农机自动驾驶系统产品在2019年后逐渐完成了国产替代，逐渐进入规模化应用并迅速发展。根据中国农业机械流通协会发布的报告，以购置补贴数据统计，2022年中国农机自动驾驶系统销量达到8.4万套，2023年国内农机自动驾驶系统销售数量达到12.60万套，同比增长50%。

With the strategic emerging development trend of smart agriculture and the strong support of national policies, agricultural science and technology has been developing rapidly developed. China's agricultural machinery autonomous driving system products have gradually completed domestic replacement after 2019, and gradually entered the large-scale application and developed rapidly. According to a report released by China Agricultural Machinery Circulation Association, according to the statistics of purchase subsidies, the sales of Chinese agricultural machinery autonomous driving systems will reach 84,000 sets in 2022, and the sales of autonomous driving systems of domestic agricultural machinery will reach 126,000 sets in 2023, up 50% year on year.

2.主要智能农机装备保有量

我国现有存量农机数量庞大，根据《中国农机市场发展报告》，截至2021年末，我国主要农机保有量合计达到815.42万台。根据农业农村部数据，2021年以北斗、5G等信息技术为支撑的智能农机装备进军生产一线，加装北斗卫星导航的拖拉机、联合收割机超过60万台。未来随着农机整体智能化程度的提升及政策的推动，将带动农机装备智能化产品前装市场的发展，2023年我国主要农机保有量达到869.72万台，其中智能化农机保有量预计超过90万台。

China's existing stock of agricultural machinery is huge. According to the "China Agricultural Machinery Market Development Report", by the end of 2021, the total amount of major agricultural machinery in China has reached 8.1542 million units. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2021, intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment supported by Beidou, 5G and other information technologies will enter the production line, and more than 600,000 tractors and combine harvesters will be installed with Beidou satellite navigation. In the future, with the improvement of the overall intelligence of agricultural machinery and the promotion of policies, it will drive the development of the front installation market of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment. In 2023, the ownership of mainagricultural machinery in China will reach 8.6972 million units, among which the ownership of intelligent agricultural machinery is expected to exceed 900,000 units.

3.植保无人机

植保无人机通过地面遥控或导航飞控，来实现喷洒作业，可以在农业生产中实现精准管理，有效控制农作物的生长状况，提高农作物的品质，提升农业效益。植保无人机是发展快、普及面广、高效实用的智能装备之一，是农业机械化与智能农机发展的重要标志。我国植保无人机保有量持续增加，2021保有量达9.79万架，同比增长39.22%，2023年植保无人机保有量达到18.98万架。

Plant protection drones use remote control on the ground to realize spraying operations, which can achieve accurate management in agricultural production, effectively control the growth of crops, improve the quality of crops and improve agricultural benefits. Plant protection UAV is one of the intelligent equipment with rapid development, wide popularization, efficient and practical, and is an important symbol of the development of agricultural mechanization and intelligent agricultural machinery. The number of plant protection drones in China continues to increase, reaching 97,900 in 2021, an increase of 39.22% year on year. In 2023, the number of plant protection drones reached 189,800.

四、行业市场集中度提高，竞争格局不断优化

我国农机装备智能化产品的早期市场以国外品牌为主，2019年后国产企业才逐渐成为农机自动驾驶系统的市场主导并完成了国产替代。随着国家高度重视农业科技现代化发展以及农机装备智能化产品不断优化升级，行业迅速发展，参与企业也越来越多。

以农机自动驾驶系统为例，根据中国农业机械流通协会发布的《农机自动驾驶系统发展研究报告》，以购置补贴计，国内农机自动驾驶系统市场公司数量由2019年的31家发展到2022年的58家，但市场集中度呈上升趋势，行业销量排名前三企业合计市场份额由2019年的47.39%提高到2022年的53.82%。

The early market of intelligent products of agricultural machinery and equipment in China is dominated by foreign brands. After 2019, domestic enterprises gradually become the market leader of the automatic driving system of agricultural machinery and completed the domestic replacement. As the country attaches great importance to the development of the modernization of agricultural science and technology and the continuous optimization and upgrading of intelligent products of agricultural machinery and equipment, and the rapid development of the industry, more and more enterprises are participating. Agricultural machinery automatic driving system, for example, according to the Chinese agricultural machinery circulation association of agricultural machinery automatic driving system development research report, to purchasesubsidies, domestic agricultural machinery automatic driving system market number from 31 to 2022, but the market concentration on the rise, industry sales in the top three enterprises total market share from 47.39% in 2019 to 5 3.82% in 2022.

五、农业机械化发展水平持续提高

1.全国农作物耕种收综合机械化率提高

在我国工业化城镇化进程持续推进与耕地面积难以大幅增长的前提下，日益减少的农业劳动力总量，需要更高的农业劳动生产率。国家对农业机械化进展高度重视，通过财政补贴等“三农”政策持续支持。

农业农村部信息显示，农作物耕种收的综合机械化水平从2018年的70%上升到2022年的74%，但是与发达国家平均90%的水平相比仍有一定差距。随着我国农业各领域全面全程机械化的推进，以及原设备保有量的更新换代，我国农业机械化水平将不断提升，农业机械市场将持续扩容。

2.农业机械应用领域不断拓宽

我国目前的农业机械主要应用于粮食作物的“耕、种、管、收”，未来农业机械的全面应用将从粮食作物拓展到经济作物、饲料作物、园艺作物等品类，从平原覆盖到山地丘陵地区，从种植业延伸到畜牧业、果林业、渔业和农产品加工等领域，高科技高性能的农业机械将得到广泛应用，产业的规模化、标准化、集约化水平不断提升。

China's current agricultural machinery is mainly used in food crops "farming, planting, pipe, harvest", the comprehensive application of agricultural machinery from food crops to cash crops, feed crops, horticultural crops category, from the plains to hilly areas, from planting to animal husbandry, fruit forestry, fishery and agricultural products processing, high-tech high-performance agricultural machinery will be widely used, industry scale, standardization, intensive level.

3.农机装备智能化加速

农田集约化和标准化建设、农业机械化水平是农机装备智能化产品的发展基础，而产品降本增效的效果和售价是农机装备智能化产品的发展动力。大数据显示，农机市场已逐渐从新疆、黑龙江等传统大规模农田集中区域，向河北、甘肃、内蒙古、江苏、陕西、山东、湖北、湖南、广西等区域渗透，逐渐从中大型农机向小型农机渗透，发展势头强劲。

Farmland intensification and standardization construction, agricultural mechanization level are the basis for the development of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment products, and the effect and price of product cost reduction and efficiency increase are the development power of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment products. Big data shows that the agricultural machinery market has gradually penetrated from Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and other traditional large-scale farmland concentration areas, to Hebei, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and other regions, and gradually penetrated from large agricultural machinery to small agricultural machinery, with a strong momentum of development.